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War for your pocket: These 5 new operating systems plan to battle Android and iOS

For the first time in several years, 2015 looks set to play host to the launch of numerous compelling new mobile operating systems, at least one of which could have a chance of stealing some market share from the reigning champions Android and iOS. Of course, neither of these will be sweating just yet, but we expect some droplets to be forming on a few foreheads at Microsoft.
By our reckoning, there are five interesting challengers expected to appear over the next 12-months, so ahead of CES 2015 – where several will be demonstrated to developers and the public – here’s a rundown of the software that could be vying for your attention on a flashy new smartphone come CES 2016.

BlackBerry 10

By far the biggest name on our list, BlackBerry 10 is also backed by the company with the most to lose. Like Nokia last year, Research in Motion badly needs a winner, otherwise its future looks very uncertain indeed. Worse still, even if BlackBerry 10 does meet with a decent response, things will remain shaky for RIM for a while, just like they have for Nokia.
Thanks to some strategic leaks and a few informative presentations, we know quite a lot about BlackBerry 10 and the phones on which it will launch. We even have an exact date when it will arrive, January 30, plus the knowledge it’ll be available about a month afterward on two phones,one with a touchscreen and the other with a QWERTY keyboard.
As for the software, it has a new web browser and an improved touchscreen keyboard, plus an innovative camera feature named Time Shift, where a burst mode lets to manually change individual expressions to make the perfect photo.
There’s a lot of goodwill toward RIM, and BlackBerry phones have a solid following around the world, but any level of reinvention is always a risk – the specter of Palm and WebOS probably roams the hallways of RIM’s headquarters, as an ever present reminder that even an innovative product isn’t always enough to succeed.

Ubuntu for Mobile

Ubuntu may be a familiar name in Linux-loving desktop software circles, but it’s an unknown in the mobile world. This hasn’t stopped Canonical from giving it a go anyway. Later this year or early next, we’ll be able to buy a smartphone running Ubuntu for Mobile.
Ubuntu is based on Linux like Android, uses the same drivers, and will operate on devices using ARM or Intel processors. Unfortunately, it doesn’t use Oracle’s Java Virtual Machine and won’t run any Android applications. This clean slate, plus a consistent framework hidden under a customizable skin, is supposed to avoid the fragmentation issues from which Android suffers. It’s a good idea, and no doubt Canonical sees Android’s success as a driver for its own mobile endeavors, but to start afresh is a huge undertaking – as is convincing non-techy users it’s a viable alternative at all. Ubuntu for Mobile does have a secret weapon though: it can be installed on existing Android hardware. The already strong Ubuntu community will also rush to embrace it, particularly because it offers a true desktop experience when docked with a keyboard and monitor.
From what we’ve seen of the user interface, it’s based around gestures and doesn’t require any hardware buttons. Swipes reveal menus and open apps. It’s difficult to judge it at the moment, as the early build displays some lag; however, a version suitable for the Galaxy Nexus will be released later this year, which should help speed development along. Canonical will be showing off Ubuntu for Mobile during CES, where an early version of the OS will be seen running on test devices.

Firefox OS

Research in Motion has Android, Windows Phone, and iOS firmly in its sights, but Mozilla is targeting the budget sector with its Firefox OS, therefore gunning almost exclusively for cheap Android phones. Previously known as Boot to Gecko, Firefox OS is ready to launch in several countries in early 2013, plus Mozilla has signed up hardware manufacturers such as ZTE and Alcatel as partners. Telefonica, the Spanish mobile giant which has an extensive presence around the world, is onboard, and in the U.S., Sprint will apparently support the software.
Telefonica’s backing is key, as the first Firefox OS phone is set to make its debut in Brazil and other Latin American countries, where the company owns many fixed and mobile communication networks. Hardware running the software will be low spec and probably cost less than $100, so strong promotion though companies like Telefonica in new and developing markets will be crucial to its success.
Internally, Firefox OS is similar to Android, but it won’t be able to run Android apps and will instead rely on Web apps available through Mozilla’s own app store. Firefox itself is high web app-centric, designed and built using HTML5. You can read our hands-on report here, or even try out Firefox OS yourself using this browser extension.

Jolla

Jolla is the Finnish firm hoping to bring back MeeGo, the mobile OS abandoned by Nokia when it adopted Windows Phone, and is the true dark horse in our line-up. The Sailfish UI was unveiled at an event in November, and although our introduction was brief it did show promise. MeeGo’s spirit lives on in the shape of gesture controls and a smart, simple interface, plus there’s no denying the energy and enthusiasm the Jolla team has for the project.
What’s more, a little like BlackBerry 10, Jolla already has an established fan base thanks to the international support for MeeGo and its single phone, the Nokia N9. Jolla is counting on each and everyone of them, plus those unable to purchase an N9, to flock to the first Sailfish phone. If Jolla and Saifish where a movie, it would have “cult hit” written all over it. It would also be an indie flick; it’s the only OS on our list which doesn’t have a few large companies behind it, which could mean financial concerns further down the road.
Jolla will initially look outside of Europe and the U.S., concentrating first on China for business, where it will also base its servers. It has said the first Jolla smartphone will be announced before the end of March and released before summer. While it doesn’t have an official presence at CES 2013, according to the company’s Twitter account, some representatives – amusingly referred to as Sailors – will be there to promote the intriguing OS.

Tizen

Here’s were things get a little incestuous, as Tizen is a joint project between Intel and Samsung and it came to life after the cancellation of MeeGo, from which, as we’ve just learned, Jolla was formed. Additionally, Samsung hasmerged Tizen with its own standalone mobile OS Bada, which is helpfully based on Linux and is compatible with Tizen. It’s linked to Firefox OS too, as its apps will be built using HTML5 and will be compatible with Mozilla’s operating system, and vice versa.
Although there was plenty of big talk from Samsung at the beginning of 2012 regarding an impending smartphone release, nothing more was said until last week, when Samsung piped up again, saying that Tizen phones would be out this year instead.
Tizen’s trump card may appear to be Samsung’s support, but in reality it could be Intel, as its desperation to gain a foothold in the mobile processor market should see plenty of money and effort put into Tizen’s success. (Although the software is compatible with ARM-based devices, you can bet Intel will be pushing Samsung to choose its Atom processors.)
Samsung’s plan is rumored to be equally selfish, as it’s said to be looking for an alternative to Android should Google and Motorola suddenly start churning out exciting phones together. Bada is surprisingly successful, with Gartnerputting it fourth in its worldwide device sales chart for Q3 2012 and ahead of Windows Phone, meaning Tizen could have quite a head start over the others listed above. Version 2.0 of Tizen is expected to launch soon and it could be on display at CES, heralding the arrival of the first Tizen phones.

Can any of these succeed?

When talking about fledgling mobile operating systems, the question, “do we really need another smartphone OS?” is often asked. It’s a fair question, as the three we currently use are well-designed, relatively bug-free, regularly updated, and have ever-growing app eco-systems behind them. Therefore, given this huge head start and the financial might behind Android, iOS, and Windows Phone, perhaps a more pertinent question is, “how can any of these succeed?” They will need perseverance, support from developers and networks, dedicated fanbases, and some stellar and/or keenly priced and widely available hardware. Not all of them will make it, but one or two may do some damage. What OS would you put your money on?

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Android L vs iOS 8 vs Windows Phone 8.1: which of the three will be the most consequential update?

Due to what we suppose are a number a coincidences, it so happens that this year will see all three major platforms go through a major update, whether we're talking about a design overhaul, more functionality, or both. Indeed, all three -- Android with L, iOS with version 8, and Windows Phone with 8.1 Cyan -- are set to become the norm before the year is out.


Usually, we'd argue that such a comparison is unfair and premature both, as Microsoft is already pushing the new iteration of its platform, and select few devices can already enjoy the enhanced functionality of the new software, while the other two are still in beta testing. However, considering the wealth of information provided by Google and Apple on what their new platforms will bring to the table, along with the fact that we've already had the chance of reviewing their respective developer previews in depth, puts you and us both in a position where we can actually try and guesstimate which of the three updates is most likely to shake things up.

It is our opinion that the latest Windows Phone OS iteration has finally caught up with its much more popular competitors, even though there are gaps that still require attention. As for Android L, a platform that has functionality at its core, it would appear Google is finally ready to commit more resources to the task of simply making Android more attractive. Finally, iOS 8 is perhaps the first tangible sign that Apple is finally looking to open up, at least partially, and that's a big deal.

So, out of those three, which one do you consider the most consequential? Vote now and vote true

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ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM


By: Fadjar Efendy Rasjid, S. Kom.

The smart phone is familiar to users of mobile phones, smart phone (smartphone) is a cell phone that has a high rate capability, sometimes with computer-like functions. There are no standards that define plant definition smart phone. For some people, the smart phone is a phone that works using the entire operating system software that provides a standard and basic relationships for application developers. For others, just a smart phone is a phone that provides advanced features such as e-mail (electronic mail), internet and the ability to read electronic books (e-book) or there is a keyboard (either built-in or external) and a VGA connector. In other words, the smart phone is a mini computer that has the capability of a phone.

Growth in demand for sophisticated tools are easy to carry anywhere making great advances in processor, memory, display and operating system outside of a cell phone line since a few years.

The title above will explore the use of the Android operating system on a smart phone or often called a Smartphone.


Operating System

According to Indonesian Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, operating system or in English: the operating system or OS is a software system whose job is to perform control and management of hardware and basic system operations, including run software applications such as word processing programs and web browser.

In general, the Operating System is software on the first layer is placed on computer memory when the computer starts up. While other software is run after running the Operating System and Operating System will perform the core public service for the software. Common core services such as access to the disk, memory management, task scheduling, and user interface. So that each software no longer need to perform the core duties of the public, because it can be served and performed by the operating system. Section of code that perform the core duties and the general is called the "kernel" an Operating System.

Operating system-the primary operating system commonly used computer systems (including PCs, personal computer) is divided into 3 major groups:

1. Family of Microsoft Windows - which is comprised of the Windows Desktop Environment (version 1.x to version 3.x), Windows 9x (Windows 95, 98, and Windows ME), and Windows NT (Windows NT 3.x, Windows NT 4.0 , Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows 7 (Seven), which was released in 2009, and Windows Orient which will be released in 2014)).
2. Unix family of operating systems that use the POSIX interface, such as SCO UNIX, family BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution), GNU / Linux, MacOS / X (based on a modified BSD kernel, and known by the name of Darwin) and GNU / Hurd.
3. Mac OS, is the operating system for computer output is commonly called Apple Mac or Macintosh.

While mainframe computers, and super computers using many different operating systems vary, generally a derivative of the UNIX operating system developed by vendors such as IBM AIX, HP / UX, etc..


Android Operating System

Android is a software for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. Development applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language. A series of core Android application include an email client, SMS program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts, and others.

By providing an open development platform, Android offers developers the ability to build applications that are very rich and innovative. Developers are free to take advantage of the hardware, access to location information, run background services, set alarms, add a notice to the status bar, and much more.

Android relies on the version of Linux 2.6 for core system services such as security, memory management, process management, network stack and driver model. The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the software stack.


History of Operating Systems Android

Android is the operating system for mobile phones based on Linux. Android provides an open platform to developers for creating their own applications for use by a variety of mobile devices. Initially, Google Inc.. buy Android Inc.., newcomers who make software for mobile phones. Then to develop Android, formed the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 34 companies for hardware, software, and telecommunications, including Google, HTC, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, T-Mobile, and Nvidia.

At the inaugural release of Android, 5 November 2007, with the Open Handset Alliance Android states support the development of open standards on mobile devices. On the other hand, Google released the Android code under the Apache license, a license is open standard software and mobile devices.

In this world there are two types of distributors operating system Android. The first fully supported by Google or Google Mail Services (GMS) and the second is a completely free distribution without the direct support Google's otherwise known as the Open Handset Distribution (OHD).


2007-2008: early Products

Around September 2007 a study reported that Google filed a patent application mobile phone (Google finally introduced the Nexus One, one type of smart phones using the Android operating system. This mobile phone manufactured by HTC Corporation and is available on the market on January 5, 2010).

On December 9, 2008, announced the new members who joined in the work program Android ARM Holdings, Atheros Communications, manufactured by Asustek Computer Inc., Garmin Ltd., Softbank, Sony Ericsson, Toshiba Corp., and Vodafone Group Plc. As the formation of the Open Handset Alliance, OHA announced their first product, Android, the mobile device which is a modified Linux kernel 2.6. Since Android was released has been carried out various reforms in the form of bug fixes and new feature additions.

The first phone using Android operating system is the HTC Dream, which was released on October 22, 2008. At the end of 2009 is estimated at least in this world there are 18 types of mobile phones that use Android.


Android version 1.1

On March 9, 2009, Google released the Android version 1.1. Android version is equipped with an aesthetic update to the application, alarm clock, voice search (voice search), sending messages with Gmail, and email notifications.


Android version 1.5 (Cupcake)

In mid-May 2009, Google released a mobile phone using Android and the SDK (Software Development Kit) with version 1.5 (Cupcake). There are several updates including the addition of several features in this mobile version: the ability to record and watch videos with the camera mode, upload to Youtube videos and pictures to Picasa directly from the phone, A2DP Bluetooth support, the ability to automatically connect to a Bluetooth headset, animated scenes, and on-screen keyboard that can be tailored to the system.

Donut (version 1.6) was released in September by displaying the search process better than before, the use of a battery indicator and control applet VPN. Another feature is the gallery that allows users to select photos to be removed; cameras, camcorders and interface the gallery; CDMA / EVDO, 802.1x, VPN, Gestures, and Text-to-speech engine; ability to dial a contact; technological change text to speech (not available on all phones; procurement VWGA resolution.


Android version 2.0/2.1 (Eclair)

On December 3, 2009 re-launched Android phone with version 2.0/2.1 (Eclair), changes were made to the hardware optimization, improved Google Maps 3.1.2, change the UI with a new browser and support for HTML5, the new list of contacts, support flash for the camera 3 , 2 MP, digital zoom, and Bluetooth 2.1.

To move quickly in the competitive next-generation devices, Google held a competition to invest with the best mobile applications (killer apps - applications seeding). This competition with prizes $ 25,000 for each selected application developers. The competition was held during the two stages of each step of the selected 50 best applications.

With the growing and increasingly growing number of Android handsets, a growing number of interested third parties to distribute their applications to the Android operating system. Famous application is converted into the operating system Android is Shazam, Backgrounds, and WeatherBug. Android operating system on its website is also considered important to create native Android applications, for example by MySpace and Facebook.


Android for the open source community (open source)

Android has many advantages as a software that uses computer code base that can be distributed openly (open source) so that users can create new applications in it. Android has native applications such as pushmail integrated Google Gmail, Google Maps, and Google Calendar.

The fans of open source and then build a community that builds and share-based Android firmware with a number of adjustments and additional features, such as FLAC lossless audio and the ability to save downloaded applications on the microSD card. They often update the firmware and packages combines elements of the functions of Android that has not been officially launched in a carrier-sanction firmware.


Smart Phone (Smartphone)

There is no agreement in the industry about what makes the phone a "smart", and the notion of a smart phone that also change with the time. According to David Wood, Executive Vice President of PT Symbian OS, "The smart phone can be distinguished from ordinary mobile phones in two fundamental ways: how they are made and what they can do." Another definition emphasizes berbedaan of these two factors.

Most tools are categorized as smart phones using different operating systems. In terms of features, most smartphones support full email facilities with a complete personal control functions. Other functions may include a miniature QWERTY keyboard, touch screen or D-pad, camera, setting a list of names, speedo, navigation software and hardware, the ability to read business documents, music player, photo browser and view video clips, internet explorer, or just secure access to corporate e-mail open, such as those offered by the BlackBerry. Features that are most often found in smart phones is the ability to store a list of names as much as possible, unlike regular cell phones that have a maximum limit of storage list of names.


Conclusion

Use of Android in the smartphone operating system at present widely used by companies producing mobile phones. Because of its superiority as a software that uses computer code base that can be distributed openly (open source) so much so that applications can be downloaded by penggguna smartphone without paying the application fee. Believed to be a smartphone that uses the Android operating system will be less costly than a smartphone that uses the operating system that paid.

References:
http://www.android.com
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_ (sistem_operasi)
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepon_pintar

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List of Linux distributions made ​​in Indonesia



The development of the Linux operating system in Indonesia, especially since the new millennium many distros give birth in Indonesian language, or at least a Linux distro 'artificial' Indonesian IT community. To chart the history of the origin of the distributions of GNU / Linux Indonesia, can be seen on his website Mas Made. Here is a list of Linux distributions Indonesia which was released (some links may be down):

1.Trustix Merdeka, is a Linux distribution for desktops by taking the base Trustix Secure Linux. With an emphasis on security, application packages are included in the Free Trustix is ​​a package option, with a fairly strict auditing for each source are included. Distribution Made in Indonesia is aimed at much more than just Linux distros. Targeted to the lines of communication and IT Linux community. Indonesian language that is used can be regarded as a unifying factor. Free Trustix development stalled since March 2003.

2.Bijax, Linux itself is a system that was developed initially by linuxfromscratch. Bijax can be made for the promotion of linux, can also be used for those who want to know linux, but do not want to install, this distribution does not support network.

3.WinBI, is a software application that contains the common language of Indonesia.With RI Software is expected to keep pace widespread adoption of computer technology on society, but it is possible to use a foreign language learning in computer technology.
This is possible with the availability of alternative replacement language used in this RI Software. RI software also disseminated to provide ease of use of computers in society in general than as a training tool that is cheap, reliable and legal. It is expected the people of Indonesia will use a computer without a lot of doubts and language barriers.

4.Rimbalinux, backed by the lack of distributions made in Indonesia, the lack of cooperative spirit within the Linux community of Indonesia, and yet there are distributions that represent the identity of Indonesia, then the distro Rimbalinux created as a lightweight desktop Linux distro that can be developed (lightweight expandable desktop Linux distribution).

5.TrustCafe, is a Linux distribution created by ATLANTIS INDONESIA for those who want to create a Public / Internet cafe, but do not want to mess around with the Operating System. This system has a module that is integrated with billing systems TrustCafe. This becomes a bonus distributions InfoLinux magazine November 2002 edition

6.ROSE, a derivative of Knoppix distro that are remastered with special application by the RAB Indonesia. There are two editions of which had circulated, namely the issue of the Game (packaged with the book edition InfoLinux Mini Game), and the issue of the cashier / POS (bonus InfoLinux magazine March 2004 issue).

7.LinuxSehat, is a communications program (campaign) penggenalan Linux for beginners, is a repackaging of Knoppix, which dibagokan free of charge to welcome the implementation of the Copyright Act 2003.

8.Komura is a network of servers and client systems are less expensive because it is accompanied by its own operating system. Komura already have quite a lot of applications for Internet usage, office up to the game. Computer users with the application simply adjust the choice of hard disk capacity it has. These distributions InfoLinux a bonus issue of the magazine in January 2004.

9.De2 (Debian Depok), the link is inaccessible, see De2.UI below.

10.Deal (Debian Alternative), see De2.UI below.

11.Debian De2.UI Depok U-clogged I-profit, consisting of a pair of ISO Image file. First; installer ISO file UBUNTU Linux derivative. Second, collection of interfering packets last-juice from Debian, Ubuntu, and others. These distributions are usually updated (update) every weekend.

12.BlankOn 1.0, based on Fedora Core Linux distribution developed by the Linux Mover Foundation Indonesia (YPLI). Ubuntu Linux is the goal of developing a Linux distribution produced in accordance with the general needs of computer users in Indonesia. Linux Mover Foundation Indonesia (YPLI) in cooperation with UNESCO and other Linux community has developed a Ubuntu Linux 1.0 is a complete operating system based on Fedora Core 3 which utilizes open source software.
Version 2 (and beyond) based on Ubuntu and the Ubuntu community was developed with Indonesia.

13.InulLinux, a distro based MoviX, a live CD that will automatically launch MPlayer after booting, this special edition featuring music videos ngebor Inul shake .... (!)

14.DollyLinux, distro based on Fedora Core (info obtained from Mas Made on site, more info has not been found)

15.Xnuxer, XNUXER LINUX core is built on Debian Sarge 3.1 where binary files taken from KNOPPIX 3.9. According to the history of the origin of the distributions of GNU / Linux in Indonesia, there are three versions Xnuxer, namely: a floppy disk version (a derivative of Trustix Secure Linux), a live version (derived from Knoppix / Debian), and install version (derived from Slackware).
Concepts / ideas to apply in XNUXER LINUX is making linux can be used easily by end-users to maximize / enhance your appearance without reducing the performance of KDE so if you see the look of KDE XNUXER LINUX is very different from the general look of KDE.
Most of the binary file that is in XNUXER LINUX 9.3 is taken from KNOPPIX (Knopper) that have been customized.

16.Waroeng IGOS, initiated by the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) Ministry of Research and Technology, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Association Warnet Indonesia, Pacific Satellite Nusantara and Gunadarma University.
Applications 'Waroeng IGOS' cafe covers application requirements for 3-10 clients a server, desktop PC, office applications, web browsers, mail servers and documentation management. Especially for office applications, developed by the Institut Teknologi Bandung.
WaroengIGOS consists of 3 CDs: Server (install) Fedora-based, server (live), and Client (live) based on Knoppix.

17.IGOS Desktop, is an Open Source based software brand launched today by the Consortium "IPTEKNET, LIPI and PT INTI to meet community demands the existence of Open Source products are ready-made as an alternative to desktop productivity, and support government efforts in the use of legal software at all levels of society.
DESKTOP IGOS is a full application for the desktop that has integrated Operating System, Office productivity, Email Client, Instant Messaging Client, Browser and Development Tool.

18.Diskotix, is a mini Linux distribution that fit within 1 (one) 1.44 MB Floppy Disk application complete with a text editor, spreadsheet, calculator, games, and utilities.The interface uses menus, without having to login. Diskotix contains: Linux kernel 2.2, E3 editor (like WordStar), SC spreadsheets, games Tetris, Snake, and Gomoku, Ash shell, Busybox, and utilities fdisk and mkdosfs. There is also a command-line interface.

19.SLAMPP, a distro that can be used as a live CD or installation, to create a server quickly. With the catchphrase "Simple Solutions for Home Server", this distribution based on SLAX, a Slackware-based live CD distro.

20.PINUX, or pointers Linux, a distro based on RedHat 9 which was developed by Warnet Pointer Semarang, to replace the operating system in the cafe due to confiscation of computer operating system Windows.

21.Linux Ampera, is a Linux distribution developed by the Government of South Sumatra Province in collaboration with Creative Digital. The goal of making Linux Ampera is to introduce what and how it's linux. This 2 CD Linux Ampera in-remaster of Knoppix Linux distribution with the addition / subtraction of application, and made nuanced Ampera.

22.Pazia Linux (dh PacerLinux), the Association of Computer Indonesia (Apkomindo) has big goals, namely to expand the open source operating system users in Indonesia. This relation to the Indonesian people's purchasing power is considered not strong enough. For the early initiation of the program Open Source Movement (OSM), the Pazia, one distributor for Acer Aspire and Ferrari notebook products, be a sponsor.

23.IGOS Nusantara 2006 is a desktop application which is a Linux distribution based on Fedora Core 5, with the ability to create / edit documents, databases, spreadsheets, graphics files, as well as Internet access, chat and e-mail.
Applications that are installed in the IGOS Nusantara 2006, among others: the operating system (Linux), office applications (OpenOffice 2.0.2), Web Browser (FireFox), E-mail client (Evolution); Chats (GAIM), graphics processing (GIMP)

24.Fiesta Linux PC is one solution PC-based desktop applications to meet the demand for Linux beginner users who want the OSS 'user friendly'. Developed by a local developer on its own initiative to support the IGOS Program. These distributions can be obtained freely under GPL.

25.CHIPLux, PC-based live DVD distro of Linux, PCLinuxOS-based magazine that is distributed as a bonus issue of CHIP Indonesia September 2006.

26.Kuliax, Kuliax 6.0 is a distribution of GNU / Linux for education at the University, particularly the Information Technology Studies Program or related such as Electrical Engineering (TE) concentrations Computer and Information Systems, Information Engineering (TF), Computer Science (IK), and others- other.
Kuliax 6.0 is the first implementation of the plan Kuliax Project, a project to bring Linux and Free Software and Open Source (FOSS) to the world of education at the University.
Kuliax form of live CD based on Debian Unstable / Testing and Knoppix are directed to the use of the Linux Desktop. Kuliax contains complete applications that are commonly used: office, multimedia, productivity, tooling, applications used in education, especially the IT / TE / TF / IK, applications and systems that are tailored to the syllabus / curriculum (IT).

27.Depdiknux, DEPDIKnux is a linux distro that was developed by the Ministry of National Education which serves as a facility for the success of the program of the National Education Network DEPDIKnux in-develop / in-remaster of Debian Linux with knoppix installer by one of his brothers Hafidz STBA student Bandung.
These distributions are derived KNOPPIX-4.0.2 that's been made for the purposes of re JARDIKNAS. We set up this distro to:
ICT gateway
Bandwidth Monitoring and management of ICT
Depdiknux-setup feature

using the shell (dialogue) is user friendly
support plus / less user, plus / less group, set ipaddress, set the webserver, start / stop mysql server, start / stop ssh server, start / stop ntop, whowatch, iptraf, nload, services, public masquerading, dhcp-server.

28.LiGOS AWALIi, is a derivative of Slackware distributions begin dicustomisasi who had expected such a way that even a novice user will not be difficult to install this distro (The installation process using the Indonesian language). LiGOS itself is a grand project which might be expected to cover all the needs of migration, not only for warneter but only for institutions, corporations and professionals.
Generally used this distribution package are as follows:
Kernel 2.6.18.1
Xorg 7.1.1
OpenOffice 2:10
GIMPshop 2.2.11
Firefox 2.0
Gaim 2.0beta5
GyachImproved 1.0.5
Adobe Acrobat 7:08

29.ZenCafe, is a continuation of LiGOS, and is a subproject of the Zenwalk distro. Not much different from the "parents", Zencafe recommended for use in lower-class computers. Ideally Pentium II with 128 RAM. Using the XFCE window manager, almost like Gnome, only lighter and less sophisticated.

30.Sindos (Indonesia Operating System), an operating system based on Debian GNU / Linux the focus for everyday use. Sindos designed for you who are accustomed to using Win XP and want to feel the reliability of the operating system GNU / Linux.Sindos using Kernel 2.6.17-11 with KDE 3.5.6 and Openoffice 2.1 for office tasks and software GNU / Linux that support your daily activities.

31.target GNU / Linux (hereafter referred to target Linux) is a Linux distribution which is devoted to its name as a "target / target" hacking. Linux distros can be run directly from CDROM / Live CD or from a USB Disk / Live USB. Computers that are running this distro will be acting as the target server server alias "victim". Target and the victim here means a server that runs the services that are known to have bugs, defects, aka weaknesses within the system. Weakness - the weakness is that will be used by the client / attacker to "master" server target. This distribution is derived from Slackware 11, and is made by using the script from linux-live.org. The same script is used to build the distro Backtrack.

32.Dewalinux, a Linux distribution of re-master of the distro Ubuntu 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon, which packed more "user friendly" making it easier for new Linux users who are familiar with # indows. In addition to the general issue, Dewalinux also developed for specific needs:
Dewalinux Edition Exclusive: created by packaging typical of Buyer, with logos, slogans, vision / mission of the organization, etc..
Dewalinux Warnet Edition: made with the features according to the operational needs of the cafe, including billing systems, and applications commonly used by the cafe.

33.GSI Linux is a Linux-based operating system and applications that are built on Open Source, which is used as a device in the government in implementing the GSI (Government Secured Intranet) or Closed Government Communications Network.
Linux GSI GSI contains applications allowing the user or customer can langung GSI GSI is connected to the network. These applications include VPN, VoIP, Messiah, SMS Gateway, and other additional applications such as OpenOffice, GAIM, GIMP, Firefox, Evolution, Minbar (prayer reminder application), Zekr (Application of learning Al-Quran).

34.Av! Kom, a live CD linux distro which is devoted to eradicate the virus, developed by students Unika Soegiyapranata Semarang.

35.Cassava Linux, (from the homepage): "Cassava Linux is simple and traditional Linux distribution, based on Slackware. Means cassava cassava cassava in English.I like. Simple and delicious. "
This Linux distribution based on Slackware Linux and uses the Xfce desktop, with the various Office applications, multimedia, graphics, development tools, network tools, wine, databases, and games. All that in one CD.

36.ETIX, (from the homepage): "ETIX is a linux distribution. It's created from scratch and use a linux live scripts to make-ETIX Become Live. ETIX try to be simple, useful, and beautiful.
Includes kernel ETIX 2.6.3.23.8, JDK 6, BlueJ for learning about object-oriented programming in Java. ETIX uses light desktop Ede. ETIX ISO is only 350 MB and 430 MB without NetBeans with NetBeans, feedback or question (and maybe donations) can be sent to candraadiputra (at) gmail.com.

37.Briker, is a linux distro packed with an IP PBX to set the VoIP server. These distributions were developed by ICT Center is also developing a VoIP Rakyat.

38.Tea Linux, a Linux distribution developed in cooperation between Middle Java Open Source Center (Jose) and Dinus Open Source Community (DosCom)

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