MikroTik RouterOS ™, a Linux operating system which is applied as a base
network routers. Designed to provide convenience to users. Administration could
done through the Windows application (WinBox). In addition, the installation can be done on
Standard computer PC. PC that will be used as a router does not require resource mikrotikpun
large enough to use standard, for example, only the gateway. For
for large load (complex networks, complex routing, etc.) is recommended for
consider the selection of an adequate resource PCs.
Facilities on the proxy are as follows:
- Protokoll Routing RIP, OSPF, BGP.
- Statefull firewall
- HotSpot for Plug-and-Play access
- Winbox GUI remote admin
More can be found at www.mikrotik.com.
However Mikrotik is not free software, meaning we have to buy licenses to
all facilities provided. Free trial only for 24 hours. We can buy software
proxy in the form of a CD that is installed on the hard disk or disk on module (DOM). If we
buy DOM does not need to install the DOM but stay stuck on our PC IDE slot.
The following steps are the basics of setup mikrotik configured for the network
simple as a gateway server.
1. The first step is to install RouterOS on a PC or connect the DOM.
2. Log In Mikrotik Routers via console:
MikroTik v2.9.7
Login: admin
Password:
Until this step we can go on Mikrotik machine. The default user is admin
and without a password, just type admin and press the enter key.
3. To change the default password security
password" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Mikrotik]> password
old password: *****
New password: *****
Retype new password: *****
" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Mikrotik]]>
4. Changing the name of the Mikrotik Router, in this step the server name will be changed to "Waton"
system identity set name=Waton" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Mikrotik]> system identity set name = Waton
" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]>
5. Viewing interface on Router Mikrotik
interface print" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Mikrotik]> interface print
Flags: X - disabled, D - dynamic, R - running
# NAME TYPE RX-RATE TX-RATE MTU
0 R ether1 ether 0 0 1500
1 R ether2 ether 0 0 1500
" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Mikrotik]>
6. Provides the IP address on the interface Mikrotik. Suppose ether1 we will use to
connection to the Internet with IP 192.168.0.1 and ether2 we will use to local network
us with IP 172.16.0.1
ip address add address=192.168.0.1" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]> ip address add address = 192.168.0.1
netmask = 255.255.255.0 interfac
e = ether1
ip address add address=172.16.0.1" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]> ip address add address = 172.16.0.1
netmask = 255.255.255.0 interfac
e = ether2
7. Viewing the configuration IP address that we have given
ip address print" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]> ip address print
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
# ADDRESS NETWORK BROADCAST INTERFACE
0 192.168.0.1/24 192.168.0.0 192.168.0.63 ether1
1 172.16.0.1/24 172.16.0.0 172.16.0.255 ether2
" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]>
8. Provide default gateway, it is assumed gateway for internet connection is
192.168.0.254
/ip route add gateway=192.168.0.254" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]> / ip route add gateway = 192.168.0.254
9. Viewing the routing table on Mikrotik Routers
ip route print" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]> ip route print
Flags: X - disabled, A - active, D - dynamic,
C - connect, S - static, r - rip, b - bgp, o - OSPF
# DST-ADDRESS G GATEWAY DISTANCE INTERFACE PREFSRC
0 ADC 172.16.0.0/24 172.16.0.1 ether2
1 ADC 192.168.0.0/26 192.168.0.1 ether1
2 A S 0.0.0.0 / 0 r 192.168.0.254 ether1
" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]>
10. Ping test to the Gateway to ensure correct configuration
ping 192.168.0.254" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]> ping 192.168.0.254
" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">192.168.0.254 64 byte ping: ttl = 64 time <1 ttl = "64" max = "0/0.0/0">
11. Setup DNS on Mikrotik Routers
ip dns set primary-dns=192.168.0.10 allow-remoterequests=" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]> ip dns set primary-dns = 192.168.0.10 allow-remoterequests =
no
ip dns set secondary-dns=192.168.0.11 allow-remoterequests=" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]> ip dns set secondary-dns = 192.168.0.11 allow-remoterequests =
no
12. Looking at the DNS configuration
ip dns print" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]> ip dns print
primary-dns: 192.168.0.10
secondary-dns: 192.168.0.11
allow-remote-requests: no
cache-size: 2048KiB
cache-max-ttl: 1W
cache-Used: 16KiB
" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]>
13. Tests for domain access, for example by pinging a domain name
ping yahoo.com" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]> ping yahoo.com
64 216 109 112 135 byte ping: ttl = 48 time = 250 ms
10 packets transmitted, 10 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min / avg / max = 571/571.0/571 ms
" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]>
If you have successfully reply mean DNS settings are correct.
14. Setup Masquerading, if Mikrotik will we use as a gateway server then for
client computer on the network can be connected to the internet we need to masquerading.
ip firewall nat add action=masquerade outinterface=" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]> ip firewall nat add action = masquerade outinterface =
ether1
chain: srcnat
" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]>
15. Looking at the configuration Masquerading
[Admin @ Waton] ip firewall nat print
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
0 chain = srcnat out-interface = ether1 action = masquerade
" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]>
After this step can be carried out checks for connections from local network. And if
means we have successfully managed to install Mikrotik as Gateway Router
server. After connecting to the network using Mikrotik can dimanage WinBox
which can be downloaded from Mikrotik.com or from our proxy server. Eg Ip address server
our proxy 192.168.0.1, via a browser and open http://192.168.0.1 WinBox download from there.
If we want the client get the IP address automatically then we need to setup
dhcp server on the Mikrotik. Here are the steps:
1.Buat IP address pool
/ Ip pool add name = dhcp-pool ranges = 172.16.0.10-172.16.0.20
2. Add a DHCP Network and gateway that will be distributed to the client
In this example networknya is 172.16.0.0/24 and gateway 172.16.0.1
/ Ip dhcp-server network add address = 172.16.0.0/24 gateway = 172.16.0.1
3. Add a DHCP server (in this example applied to the interface dhcp ether2)
/ Ip dhcp-server add interface = ether2 address-pool = dhcp-pool
4. See the status of the DHCP server
ip dhcp-server print" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">[Admin @ Waton]> ip dhcp-server print
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid
# NAME INTERFACE RELAY ADDRESS-POOL LEASE-TIME ADD-ARP
0 X dhcp1 ether2
X states that the DHCP server has not enabled it is necessary first dienablekan
advance in step 5.
5. Do not Forget made first enable dhcp server
/ Ip dhcp-server enable 0
then check back to dhcp-server such as step 4, if an X has no meaning
already active.
6. Test From Client
Bibliography
http://mikrotik.com

Mikrotik RouterOS is the operating system and software that can be used to make ordinary computer into a powerful network router, includes many features designed for IP networks and wireless networks.

These features include: Firewall & Nat, Routing, Hotspot, Point to Point Tunneling Protocol, DNS servers, DHCP servers, Hotspot, and many other features.
Mikrotik can be used in 2 types, namely in the form of hardware and software. In the form of hardware, Mikrotik usually already installed on a particular board, while in the form of software, Mikrotik is a Linux distribution that is devoted to the function of the router.

Mikrotik 2

MikroTik RouterOS ™, is the base Linux operating system which is applied as a network router. Designed to provide convenience to users. Administration can be done through a Windows Application (WinBox). In addition, the installation can be done on the Standard PC (Personal
Computer). PC that will be used as a router mikrotik did not require substantial resources for the use of standards, for example, only the gateway. For the purposes of a large load (complex networks, complex routing) is recommended to consider the selection of an adequate resource PCs.


1.4.1 History of MikroTik RouterOS


MikroTik is a small company headquartered in Latvia, adjacent to Russia. Formation initiated by John Trully and Arnis Riekstins. John Trully is an American citizen who immigrated to Latvia. In Latvia he bejumpa with Arnis, A darjana Physics and Mechanical around 1995. John and Arnis began routing the world in 1996 (the mission is merouting MikroTik worldwide). Starting with the Linux system and MS-DOS technology combined with Wireless-LAN (WLAN) Aeronet speed of 2 Mbps in Moldova, neighboring Latvia, then serving five customers in Latvia. Their basic principle is not to make the Wireless ISP (W-ISP), but making the program a reliable router and can be run throughout the world. Latvia is the only place John and Arnis experiment, because now they have helped other countries including Sri Lanka which serves about 400 users.
First used Linux Kernel 2.2 is developed jointly denag 5-15 staff assistance Research and Development (R & D) which now rules the world MikroTik routing in developing countries. According to Arnis, in addition to staffs of the MikroTik, they also recruit tenega-freelancers and third parties to develop an intensive marathon MikroTik.


2.3.2 TYPES OF MIKROTIK


1. MikroTik RouterOS the form of software that can be downloaded at www.mikrotik.com. Can be installed on a home kompuetr (PC).
2. BUILT-IN MikroTik Hardware in the form of special hardware that is packaged in a board inside the router that was installed MikroTik RouterOS.


2.3.4 FEATURES MIKROTIK
1. Address List: The grouping of IP addresses by name
2. Asynchronous: Supports serial PPP dial-in / dial-out, with CHAP authentication,
PAP, MSCHAPv1 and MSCHAPv2, Radius, dial on demand, a modem pool to 128 ports.
3. Bonding: Supports in combining multiple Ethernet interfaces into 1 pipe on a fast connection.
4. Bridge: Supports the function of bridge spinning tree, multiple bridge interfaces, bridging firewalling.
5. Data Rate Management: HTB-based QoS with the use of burst, pcq, RED, SFQ, FIFO queue, CIR, MIR, limit between peer to peer
6. DHCP: Supports DHCP per interface, DHCP Relay, DHCP Client, multiple DHCP networks; static and dynamic DHCP leases.
7. Firewall and NAT: Supports peer to peer connection filtering, source NAT and destination NAT. Able to filter based on MAC, IP address, port range, IP protocols, protocol options selection such as ICMP, TCP Flags and MSS.
8. Hotspot: Hotspot Gateway with RADIUS authentication. Supports data rate limit, SSL, HTTPS.
9. IPSec: AH and ESP protocols for IPSec, Diffie-Hellmann MODP groups 1, 2, 5; MD5 and SHA1 hashing algorithms; enkirpsi algorithm using DES, 3DES, AES-128, AES-192, AES-256; Perfect Forwarding Secresy (PFS ) MODP groups 1, 2.5
10. ISDN: ISDN dial-in/dial-out support. With authentication PAP, CHAP, MSCHAPv2 MSCHAPv1 and, Radius. Supports 128K bundle, Cisco HDLC, x751, x75ui, x75bui line protocol.
11. M3P: MikroTik Packet Packer Protocol for Wireless links and Ethernet.
12. MNDP: MikroTik Discovery Protocol neighbor, also supports Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP).
13. Monitoring / Accounting: IP Traffic Reports, logs, statistics graphs accessible via HTTP.
14. NTP: Network Time Protocol for servers and clients; synchronization using GPS systems.
15. Point to Point Tunneling Protocol: PPTP, PPPoE and L2TP Access Consentrator; protocol authentication using PAP, CHAP, MSCHAPv1, MSCHAPv2; authentication and Radius reports; MPPE encryption, compression for PPPOE; limit the data rate.
16. Proxy: cache for FTP and HTTP proxy server, HTTPS proxy, transparent proxy for DNS and HTTP; supports the SOCKS protocol; support the parent proxy; static control.
17. Routing: Static and dynamic routing, RIP v1/v2, OSPF v2, BGP v4.
18. SDSL: Supports Single Line DSL; mode line termination and network connections.
19. Simple Tunnel: Tunnel ipip and EoIP (Ethernet over IP).
20. SNMP: Simple Network Monitoring Protocol read-only access mode.
21. Synchronous: V.35, V.24, E1/T1, X21, DS3 (T3) media ttypes; sync-PPP, Cisco HDLC, Frame Relay line protocols; ANSI-617d (ANDI or annex D) and Q933a (CCITT or annex A); Frame Relay LMI types.
22. Tool: Ping, Traceroute, bandwidth test, ping flood, telnet, SSH, packet sniffer; Dynamic DNS updates.
23. UPnP: Supports Universal Plug and Play interface.
24. VLANs: Supports IEEE 802.1q Virtual LAN for ethernet and wireless networks, multiple VLANs, VLAN bridging.
25. VoIP: Support for voice over IP applications.
26. VRRP: Virtual Router Support Redudant Protocol.
27. WinBox: Application GUI mode to remotely and configure MikroTik
RouterOS.

LINUX
Installing programs on Linux

Maybe it's a lot that know how to install programs on linux but it's good I just added my notes on this blog. Basically in linux has some sort of way to install the software and usually every distro also have different ways of installing a program.

How to install programs on linux is divided into sections;
1. compile and install programs from source
2. extension program to install the RPM from Red Hat Packet Manager
3. install the program using the default debian apt-get
4. install the program on mandriva
5. install programs on fedora using yum
6. install the packages in slackware
7. installing binary files (. BIN /. SH)

Here's how I would write how to install software on Linux based on the categories which I have classified the above;

1. compile and install programs from source
Usually the application will be installed from source with extension ". Tar.gz", ". Tar.bz2", ". zip ", and usually before installing the program there are some people who prefer to put those files before it is installed in / usr / local / src / but this is not a necessity can be placed anywhere. Get to the next stage begin to install, first open a terminal or command prompt you then go directly to where you put the file, then do this, adjust your file extension.

[Files with extensions. Tar.gz tar-xzvf ------> name> file>]

[Files with extensions. Tar.bz2 tar-jxvf ------> name> file>]

[Files with extensions. Zip unzip ------> name> file>]

after doing that then you will terekstaks file will automatically create a folder, then open the file with

[Cd name> file>]

The next step is to live live to pre-installation by writing

[. / Configure]

[Make]

[Make install]
until here has been completed, but it's good before you read the manual installation program of installing the program usually is in the INSTALL or README.

2. extension program to install the RPM from Red Hat Packet Manager
To install the program with this extension is very easy these applications typically in use on redhat distributions and their derivatives, here's how;

[Install the program --- 'rpm-i name> file>]

[Uninstalling programs --- 'rpm-e name> file>]

3. install the program using the default debian apt-get
On debian distros danturunannya known apt-get to install the program, but there are more important than the application of our current source set-list that is the address used for the application to install the program in iberguna when we use the apt-get this application online. Typically the address is added in / etc / apt / sources.list with the way open with your editor application and then add the addresses that contain a source-list program.

After making changes to sources.list have us do

[Apt-get update] to update the sources.list that we have.

The next step is mengintall program using apt-get

[Install --- 'apt-get install name> program>]

[Uninstall - 'apt-get remove name> program>]

4. install the program on mandriva
To install the program on mandriva can be done by

[Install - 'urpmi name> program>]
[Uninstall - 'urpme 5. install programs on fedora using yum
Basically how to install using yum nearly equal to-get to use your pt in the following way debian

[Yum update]

[Yum install name> program>]

[Yum remove name> program>]

6. install the packages in slackware
install the packages in slackware easier to live in to root again later;

[Install - 'installpkg name> program.tgz>]

[Uninstall - 'removepkg name> program.tgz>]

or can also use
[Pkg tool]

in addition we can also change the file extension to the format tgz rpm with a very easy way

[Rpm2tgz name> paket.rpm>]

7. installing binary files (. BIN /. SH)

to install a binary program there are several steps that first make sure the file can be executed the following way;

[Chmod x program.bin name], then

[. / Name program.bin]

[Sh name program.sh]

Maybe this is just a few ways of many ways of installing programs on linux but this is enough to recognize and install the program in linux

Note:
"From the above, everything is done using the console / terminal / command-prompt in linux.
"Usually in the install program can only be done by root, then log in as root to install these programs. There are several ways go to the root can use the [su], or can also use the [sudo su].
"In addition to installing the above maybe you could use a GUI application that can also be used to install the program, for example in debian and ubuntu can use synaptic packet manager.

Reference http://www.linuxforums.org/forum/linux-tutorials-howtos-reference-material/

Linux

Richard Stallman, founder of the GNU project, and Linus Torvalds, Linux kernel creator

LINUX
PART. I

There are many similarities and there are many differences between Linux and Windows. Let's look at some of the differences that exist in Linux and Windows.

User Interface
In Windows, you do not have much choice of user interfaces. For example, in Windows 95/98 only recognize the default user interface of Windows 95/98. You are a bit 'more luck if you use Windows XP, because you can switch between the interface of Windows XP to Windows 98 that is lighter.

In Linux, you can find many types of user interfaces. This is usually the user interface options you can customize the features of your computer or your workplace. For example, on a slow computer you can use a lightweight user interface like XFCE or Fluxbox.

Or, if you like the style of your Mac, you can choose the GNOME desktop model or use a utility Docker. And if you're used to Windows and have a computer fast enough, you can choose the KDE desktop.

With KDE, you can still choose to use the style of Windows XP or Windows Vista. Options and vary so much in Linux, you can adjust according to your favorites.

Security and Virus
A major problem in Windows that are most often found viruses and spyware. Year after year, this problem is diminishing, but actually getting bigger. This all happened because a lot of security holes in Windows that could be exploited by people who are not responsible.

Linux is derived from the Unix operating system that has a much stronger level of security. That's why there are many viruses on Linux and if there can multiply rapidly and are usually not able to bring serious damage.

Although not as important as in Windows, you can still find the anti-virus programs on Linux, as ClamAV and F-Prot. Applicazioni> FileTools> KlamAV." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">PCLinux has provided ClamAV anti-virus can be found on the Start Menu> Applications> FileTools> KlamAV.

Spyware
Spyware is a common problem in the Windows world. Spyware programs usually observe, collect and transmit data to a server. For something more positive, the program is usually used for marketing purposes.
Unfortunately, there is also a bad idea is to steal identities, credit cards, and other negative acts.

Not a lot of spyware infecting Linux considering how Linux works are more difficult to penetrate. PCLinux has provided pre-installed a firewall to protect your system and can be activated through the PCLinux Control Panel.

PART. II

Installation and completion program
Windows is the operating system, why Windows does not provide many programs once installed. Although there maybe there is only Internet Explorer, Media Player, Notepad, and many other small programs.

This is very different from Linux. Although Linux is an operating system, but Linux is accompanied by many programs in it. Once installed, you will find many courses of nearly all categories of programs. Call it the category Office suite, multimedia (audio, video, graphics), Internet (browser, email, chat, Downloader, Messenger, Torrent, News), 3D games, utilities, etc..

With the installation of almost simultaneously, not only get an operating system but also all the software needed for everyday tasks in Linux.

System Configuration
You can often hear in Linux you must edit the file manually through the command line. Some news is true, but PCLINUX Control Center you can configure the system as easy as click n point. PCLINUX have good hardware detection, and almost everything is automated. And nearly all programs PCLINUX accompanied by a configuration that is ready for use. For example, the Internet browser was accompanied by a series of plug-ins. No need to download and install the Flash plug-in or the other.

Hardware support
We often hear of hardware does not work on Linux. This happens because the hardware manufacturer does not provide the version of Linux drivers. Fortunately, recently, a lot 'of suppliers are already providing support for Linux drivers. And introduction of Linux will increase more and more hardware, so you start to hear rare hardware problems with Linux.

Handle Crash
Linux is generally seen as a stable operating system. And if you're comparing Linux with Windows 95/98, Linux is much more stable. Windows XP - if you follow the system correctly - will be quite stable.

And just as with Windows, one day you experience problems in Linux. Although rare, but the program crashes or hangs that could happen. It 's a fact of life in the computer world.

Yet there are some differences in Windows and Linux. Unix and Linux have a multi-user nature. Linux with different Windows applications. When an application is locked, you can disable it easily. Just press the CTRL + ESC, and you can select an application (or process), which are problematic.

And if the graphics system is locked, you can go to command prompt (by pressing Ctrl + Alt + F1) and kill process software manually. You also have the option to restart the desktop by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Backspace. This means you do not even have to reboot a Linux system is failing.

PART. III

Hard disk partition
Linux does not know the names of drive C: for a partition. All units in a large storage system. / Mnt is the place to access all existing media on your computer, or another partition, CD-ROM, floppy or flash.

Later KDE memperudah have access to the media, providing media storage systems that are accessible through My Computer or the file manager Konqueror.

File naming
Linux uses "/" to separate folder instead of \ "that is used DOS / Windows. Linux is case-sensitive, meaning that the file "hello.txt" different from the file "hello.txt. Linux is not even too much attention to the file extension. If you rename the file "hello.txt" becomes "Hello", Linux still know that this is a text file. And when you click on the file "Hello", Linux fixed automatically open a text editor program.

Convenience and Safety
You probably already know, not as a normal user (root) can not write files to any folder. normal user only has write access in their home. As a normal user will not be able to change an important part of the Linux system. This seems to be too restrictive and cumbersome, but this way is much safer, since only people who have access are able to touch the roots. Viruspun also can not easily touch the Linux system. That's why you hear a lot of viruses on Linux.

IMPORTANT!
For this reason in Linux, you should not use the root user to view daily. Make at least one user per computer and only use root for system administration purposes.

This is different from that Windows is very sensitive to the virus. This occurs because a normal user in Windows has the right and as administrator. Most Windows users do not know, so that their systems are vulnerable to virus attacks. Windows Vista has now adopted the Linux system is security.

Defragment
In Linux you will not find a program to defragment the hard drive. You do not need to defragment the hard drive Linux! Linux file system that handles this automatically. But if your hard drive is already filled to 99% you get speed problems. Make sure you have enough space for Linux to manage the system and will never have problems deframentasi.

File System
Windows have two system files. FAT (DOS and Windows 9x) and NTFS (Windows NT/2000/XP). You can also read and save files in Windows FAT and NTFS. This does not occur otherwise, Windows will not be able to read or save files on Linux systems.

As for Windows, Linux has a file system type, such as ReiserFS or ext3. This system is somewhat better than FAT or NTFS Windows because it belongs to implement a technique called journaling. This journal records the file system. When a Linux system crashes, the journal of activities will be completed after the restart process, and all the files on my hard drive will continue smoothly.
Style of Windows Vista on Linux

There are some aspects of Windows Vista you can view Linux as gadgets, Aero, the 3D View menu and Desktop. PCLinux provides a tool to display the gadget Vista Aero and menus. For the 3D desktop, PCLinux currently only the demo version (for users of nVidia).

Gadgets / Karamba
gadgets've concept known for a long time on Linux as Karamba. Karamba or gadget is a small program that turns your desktop. Accessori> SuperKaramba." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Gadgets activated through the menu Applications> Accessories> SuperKaramba. If already active, SuperKaramba appear in the tray panel in the form of a round blue icon.

PCLinux provide gadet as calendar, clock Aero Info Systems, Photo Slideshow. Feed Sidebar and Weather / Weather Info To display this gadget on your desktop, just do it by clicking the icon in the panel SuperKaramba tray. Choose the gadgets that are available for viewing on your desktop.

Aero
Aero highlighting the concept of transparency. By default you can already enjoy this concept in any program window on the screen. You will see a hand or a translucent window borders and view images from the background. This transparency effects remain visible when you move the program window or move to another place. View background image will follow the position where you will find the program window.

View Menu
KBFX provides menus of Windows Vista-style. By default Vista does not display the menu in PCLinux. You can activate by right-clicking an empty area of the panel taskbar and then pilihlan Add Applet to Panel. Scrollbar pull down and select KBFX Spinxo to activate Windows Vista-style menus.